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Yoga and the Mereological Fallacy

Mereology: the study of the relationship of parts to the whole.

Stomachs don’t eat lunch, mouths don’t talk and eyes don’t see… We would never use this kind of language because we know it doesn’t really make sense. However it is not unusual in an anatomy class to be told that a bicep flexes the elbow. These parts play a role in the functions described but they can’t elicit these actions on their own. This kind of thinking falls prey to the ‘mereological fallacy’, yet it runs deep in our study of anatomy – and nowhere is it more evident than in yoga anatomy books; often beautifully illustrated books showing exactly which muscle does what action, on a perfectly clean skeleton. Just in case there is any doubt, the origin, insertion, innervation and function are usually described on the same page.

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Thinking about disc problems and their relationship to yoga practice

There’s no shortage of opinions in yoga about what constitutes safe practice for people with disc problems, particularly in the lumbar spine. To make sense of these differing views, it helps to look again at the anatomy of the intervertebral disc and the history of ideas about what causes disc injury.

The anatomy

Most yoga practitioners are familiar with the broad picture: each spinal disc has a tough outer ring (annulus fibrosus) surrounding a gel-like inner centre the nucleus pulposus). The annulus consists of concentric layers of collagen fibres, each angled alternately to the next. This architecture makes it exceptionally resilient to both internal pressure and external stress.

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